病例翻譯
Details個人資料
Name: Joe Bloggs (姓名:喬。伯勞格斯)
Date: 1st January 2000(日期:2000年1月1日)
Time: 0720 (時間:7時20分)
Place: A&E(地點:事故與急診登記處)
Age: 47 years(年齡:47歲)
Sex: male(性別:男)
Occupation: HGV(heavy goods vehicle ) driver(職業:大型貨運卡車司機)
PC(presenting complaint)(主訴)
4-hour crushing retrosternal chest pain(胸骨后壓榨性疼痛4小時)
HPC(history of presenting complaint)(現病史)
Onset: 4 hours of “crushing tight” retrosternal chest pain, radiating to neck and both arms, gradual onset over 5-10 minutes.(起病特征:胸骨后壓榨性疼痛4小時,向頸與雙臂放射,5-10分鐘內漸起病)
Duration: persistent since onset(間期:發病起持續至今)
Severe: “worst pain ever had”(嚴重性:“從未痛得如此厲害過)
Relieving/exacerbating factors緩解與惡化因素
GTN(glyceryl trinitrate) provided no relief although normally relieves pain in minutes, no other relieving/exacerbating factors.(硝酸甘油平時能在數分鐘內緩解疼痛,但本次無效,無其它緩解和惡化因素。)
Associated symptoms 相關癥狀
Nausea, vomiting×2, sweating, dizzy(惡心、嘔吐2次、出汗、眩暈)
1997:external chest tightness and dyspnea initially controlled atenolol.
1997年:出現胸外疼痛與呼吸困難,最終經服atenolol控制。
4/12 symptoms worse, exercise tolerance 200 yards on flat, limited by chest pain
4月12日,癥狀加重,受胸痛限制,僅耐受平地行走200碼
No rest pain, no orthopnoea, no PND
無靜息時疼痛,無端坐呼吸、無陣發性夜間呼吸困難
Risk factors危險因素
Hypertension-no高血壓:無
Smoking-20 cigarettes per day for 16 years吸煙:16年來每天20支
Diabetes-no糖尿病:無
Cholesterol-never checked膽固醇:未查
Ischemic heart disease-angina, previous MI缺血性心臟病:心絞痛、有心肌梗死病史
PMH(past medical history)過去史
1963: appendectomy 1963年:闌尾切除手術
1972: duodenal ulcer, no symptoms since1972年:十二指腸潰瘍,之后無癥狀
1986: myocardial infarction, full recovery / No subsequent investigation1986年:
心肌梗死,完全恢復,無隨訪
1989: gout quiescent on treatment1989年:痛風治療期間癥狀靜止
No diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, tuberculosis, epilepsy, asthma, jaundice, cerebrovascular disease.無糖尿病、高血壓、風濕性心臟病、結核病、癲癇、哮喘、黃疸、腦血管疾病
S/E(systems inquiry)系統回顧
General 一般情況
Fatigue lately, appetite unchanged, weight stable, no sweats or pruritus, sleeping well
最近有疲勞感,食欲無改變,體重穩定,無出汗或騷癢,睡眠佳。
RS呼吸系統
Dyspnea on exertion, particularly uphill, but not limiting; no cough sputum/wheeze
勞累時呼吸困難,上坡尤其如此,但無呼吸限制,無咳嗽咳痰、哮喘。
GIT gastrointestinal tract胃腸道
No current indigestion現無消化不良。
No symptoms lile previous duodenal ulcer過去無十二指腸潰瘍癥狀。
No vomiting/dysphagia/abdominal pain無嘔吐、吞咽困難、腹部疼痛。
GUS genitourinary system生殖泌尿道
No urinary systems無泌尿道癥狀。
NS神經系統
No headache/syncope無頭痛、暈厥。
No dizziness/limb weakness/sensory loss無眩暈、肢體麻木、感覺喪失。
No disturberd bision/hearing/smell/speech無視覺、聽力、味覺、嗅覺、語言障礙。
MS運動系統
No painful gout for 5 years無痛性痛風5年。
No joint pain/stiffness/swelling無關節痛、僵硬、腫脹。
No disability無傷殘。
Skin皮膚
No rash/pruritus/bruising無皮疹、瘙癢、青腫。
Drug history藥物史
Atenolol 100 mg once daily(Atenolol 100mg每天1次)
GTN as required需要服用硝酸甘油。
Not taking aspirin無服用過阿斯匹林。
Allergies: penicillin-skin rash過敏反應:青霉素――皮疹。
FH(family history)家族史
Father died of “heart attack” at age 53.
父親53歲死于“心臟病”。
Mother died of old age at 76.
母親于76歲去世。
SH(social history)社會史
Lives with wife who fit and well.妻子健在,與其共同生活。
Own house私宅。
Completely independent生活全部自理。
Smoking 20 cigs/day for many years多年每天抽煙20支。
Alcohol: 24 units per week飲酒:每周24個單位。
Sexual history: not appropriate性生活:未評價。
Overseas travel: not appropriate海外旅游:未評價。
Pets: not appropriate寵物:未評價。
Occupation: heavy goods vehicle driver職業:大型貨車卡車司機。
O/E(on examination)體檢結果
General 一般情況
Unwell, sweaty, clammy, no cyanosis/jaundice
一般情況不佳,出汗、皮膚濕冷,無青紫、黃疸。
temperature: 37.5℃
體溫37.5℃。
cigarette-stained fingers
煙熏手指。
no arcus / xanthomas / xanthelasma
無老人弓環、黃瘤、黃斑瘤。
CVS心血管系統
Pluse 104 bpm regular, normal character
脈搏每分鐘104次,規則,心音正常。
BP110/70 mmHg (right), 112/74 mmHg (left)
血壓110/70 mmHg右,112/74 mmHg左。
JVP(jugular venous pulse) normal
頸靜脈博動正常。
No precordial scars /chest deformities
無心前區疤痕、胸廓畸形。
Apex beat displaced to anterior axillary’s line 6th intercostals space
心尖博動向腋前線第6肋間移位。
No parasternal heave /thrills
無胸骨旁隆起、震顫。
Auscultation: heart sounds normal, but soft pan systolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla
聽診:心音正常,但心尖問及收縮前柔和雜音,向腋窩放射。
PSM at apex and ejection systolic murmur in aortic area with no radiation
心尖問及收縮前柔和雜音,以及主動脈區噴射性收縮期雜音,無放射。
ESM in aortic area
收縮期射血雜音。
Peripheral pulses: absent right popliteal to dorsails pedis
周圍脈搏:右腘窩至足背動脈博動闕如。
No sacral or ankle edema
無骶部與踝部水腫。
RS呼吸系統
Trachea central 氣管居中。
Respiratory rate15/ min, no respiratory distress呼吸頻率15次/分,無呼吸窘迫。
Expansion symmetrical and normal胸廓擴張對稱正常。
Vocal fremitus normal 語音震顫正常。
Percussion note normal叩擊音正常。
Breath sounds vesicular throughout, no added sounds全肺聞及水泡音,無額外音。
Abdomen腹部
No scars/ veins distension無疤痕、靜脈怒張。
Palpation: soft, but tender LIF(left iliac fossa)捫診:腹部柔軟,但有觸痛(左髂前窩)。
Percussion note normal叩擊音正常。
Auscultation: bowel sounds normal聽診:腸鳴音正常。
Genitalia not examined生殖器未檢查。
Rectal examination: not performed肛門檢查:未檢查。
NS神經系統
Higher function normal高級神經功能正常。
Cranial nerves顱神經
ⅰ: normal第一對顱神經:正常。
ⅱ:PERRLA(pupils equal in reaction to light and accomodation)/ normal fundi and visual fields 第二對顱神經:瞳孔對光調節反應等大,正常眼底與視野。
ⅲ,ⅳ,Ⅵ: no diplopia / nystagmus第三、四、九顱神經:無復視和眼球震顫。
ⅴ-Ⅻ: normal第五至十二對顱神經正常。
upper and lower limbs: power, tone, coordination, sensation all normal
上下肢:肌力、肌張力、協調、感覺正常。
Reflexes放射
Right右
Left左
Bideps二頭肌
++
++
Supinator旋后肌
++
++
Triceps三頭肌
++
++
Knee膝蓋
++
++
Ankle踝
++
++
Plantar跖
+
+
Joints and skin: Normal關節與皮膚:正常。
Summary
47-year-old male smoker with a family history and previous history of ischaemic heart disease, presents with s 4-month history of increasing exertional chest pain and a 4-hour history of persistent, severe pain at rest, which is unrelieved by GTN and associated with nausea, vomiting, and sweating. On examination, he has a resting tachycardia and evidence of left ventricular dilatation with a displaced apex beat and possible secondary mitral regurgitation. The most likely diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction.
47歲男性,有吸煙史與缺血性心臟病的家族史與過去病史,近4個月胸骨后壓痛漸重,今靜息時出現持續嚴重疼痛4小時,硝酸甘油未能緩解,并伴有惡心、嘔吐與大汗。體檢發現有靜息時心動過速與左心室擴大依據,心尖搏動偏移,可能有二尖瓣返流。可能性最大的診斷是急性心肌梗死。
Problem list 問題總結
1. chest pain-myocardial infarction?胸痛是否由心肌梗死引起?
2. known ischaemic heart disease- myocardial infarction, post-infarct angina已知缺血性心臟病是否引起心肌梗死、梗死后心絞痛?
3. Clinical left ventricular enlargement with secondary mitral regurgitation?
臨床上有否左心室擴大伴二尖瓣返流?
4. Previous duodenal ulcer but quiescent for years-no contraindications to thrombolysis?
十二指腸潰瘍但靜息多年,對溶栓療法是否有禁忌癥?
5. Gout – can be precipitated by diuretics prescribed for cardiac failure
痛風――治療心衰的速尿可促發痛風
6. HGV driver – should he still be driving?
是否適合繼續從事重型貨車司機駕駛職業
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